Community Emergency Response Team - Discussion on Liability

Session II

Operate a Portable Fire Extinguisher Correctly.

Students should view a demonstration by instructors prior to practicing this skill.

• 2 member student teams (each with extinguisher).
• 1 instructor leading exercise.
• 1 instructor as safety officer (with extinguisher).
• 1 burn pan with a layer of water beneath a layer of gasoline or diesel fuel.
• 1 road flare mounted on a long pole to ignite pan.

Participants must work as a team and verbalize commands to each other, "pulling the pin", "going in", and "backing out" at the proper time.

Participants must identify two exit routes, check the wind direction and try to determine if the fire is spreading and where it would be in the next 30 seconds.

Participants will need to demonstrate the p.a.s.s. technique by verbalizing each, "pull", "aim", "squeeze", "sweep"at the proper time.

Session III

Students should view a demonstration by the instructors prior to practicing these skills.

Opening airway:

• Performed in 2 person teams with students alternating roles as victim and rescuer.
• at an arm's distance shake the victim and shout, "can you hear me?"
• if the victim does not or cannot respond, place one hand on the victim's forehead.
• Place two fingers of the other hand under the chin and tilt the jaw upward while tilting the head backward slightly.
• Look for chest rise.
• Listen for air exchange.
• Feel for abdominal movement.

Controlling bleeding:

• Performed in 2 person teams with students alternating roles as victim and rescuer.
• Rescuer will use direct local pressure to control bleeding from a simulated wound on the right forearm just below the elbow.
• Place direct pressure over the wound by putting a clean 4 x 4 pad over the wound and press firmly.
• Maintain compression by wrapping the wound firmly with a pressure bandage.
• Elevate the arm.

Treating for shock:

• Performed in 2 person teams with students alternating roles as victim and rescuer.
• Lay the victim on his or her back. elevate the feet 6-10 inches. maintain an open airway.
• Control obvious bleeding.
• Maintain body temperature. cover the victim with a blanket, and place a blanket or other material under the victim to provide protection from extreme ground temperatures.
• Avoid rough or excessive handling.

Triage:

• Performed in two person teams. the team will enter an area with multiple victims and perform triage in the following steps.
• Size up the situation prior to entering the area. look for safety hazards and be aware of the surroundings. think about how to approach the situation.
• Conduct voice triage. call out and ask for victims to come to the sound of your voice, if they are able to. instruct ambulatory
• Survivors to remain in a designated location. utilize ambulatory survivors for assistance if needed. they may be able to provide information on the locations of other victims.
• Follow a systematic route. start with the closest victims and work outward in a systematic fashion.
• Evaluate each victim and tag them i,d, or dead. remember to evaluate the walking wounded.
• Treat "i" victims immediately. initiate airway management, bleeding control, and treatment for shock.
• Document triage results for effective deployment of resources, information on the victims locations, and a record of the number of casualties by degree of severity.

Session IV

Students should view a demonstration by the instructors prior to practicing these skills.

Performing head-to-toe patient assessments:

• Performed in 2 person teams with students alternating roles as victim and rescuer.
• Assessment should be conducted systematically, checking body parts in the following order: head, neck, shoulders, chest, arms, abdomen, pelvis, legs, back.
• If they victim is able to speak the rescuer should ask questions about how the victim was injured and what type of injury is present as well as the mechanism of injury.
• The rescuer should also look for signs of shock, airway obstructions, difficulty breathing, excessive bleeding, bruising, swelling, severe pain, disfigurement, and closed head, neck or spinal injuries.

establishing treatment areas:

• In a safe area free from hazards and debris.
• Upwind and uphill from the hazard zone.
• Accessible by transportation vehicles.
• Clearly delineated area.
• Identify subdivisions of the area: "i", "d", and "dead".
• Division leaders must be assigned to each of the above areas.
• "Dead" area should not be visible from the treatment area.
• Victims should be placed in a head to toe configuration with 2 or 3 feet between patients.
• Proper documentation of victims in treatment area is needed such as identifying information, physical description of victim, clothing, injuries, treatment, and transfer location.

Employ appropriate care for wounds:

• Performed in 2 person teams with students alternating roles as victim and rescuer.
• Control bleeding.
• Prevent secondary infection and look for signs of infection such as swelling around the wound site, discoloration, discharge from the wound, or red striations from the wound.
• Clean wound - don't scrub! irrigate with cool, clear water, flush with a mild concentration of soap and water, then irrigate with water again.
• Apply a sterile dressing directly over the wound and apply a bandage to hold it in place.
• If an amputation has occurred the rescuer should control bleeding and treat for shock as well as try to locate and preserve the amputated limb or other body part.
• If the victim has been impaled by an object, the affected area of the body should be immobilized.
• The object should not be removed unless it is obstructing the airway.

Treating fractures, sprains and strains:

• Performed in 2 person teams with students alternating roles as victim and rescuer.
• The rescuer will apply a splint to the victims upper arm and lower leg.
• Support the injured area above and below the site of the injury, including the joint.
• The injury should be splinted in the position it is found in if possible.
• Rescuer should not try to realign bones or joints.
• After the splint is in place the rescuer should check for proper circulation (warmth, feeling and color).

Session V

Leveraging/cribbing operation:

• Rescuers should first conduct a size-up of the scene by gathering facts, identifying hazards, and establishing priorities.
• Rescuers will develop a plan of action based upon the information gathered.
• Rescuers will identify how and where to lift and crib.
• As the object is lifted with the lever and fulcrum cribbing will be added as needed.
• When the object is adequately supported, remove the lever and fulcrum. the victim may then be removed.
• Reinitiate the lift after the victim is removed and begin removing the cribbing material and lower the object back to the ground.

Victim extraction:

• Performed in 6 person teams
• As a team of 6 the rescuers shall demonstrate the proper techniques for a blanket carry.
• Lay a blanket next to the victim.
• Tuck the blanket under the victim and roll the victim into the center of the blanket. with 3 rescuers squatting on each side and grasping a handle, the lead person checks the team for even weight distribution and correct lifting position.
• The lead person calls out, "ready to lift on the count of three: one, two, three, lift."
• The team lifts and stands in unison keeping the victim level and carries the victim feet first.
• When ready to lower the victim, the lead person calls out, "ready to lower on the count of three, one, two, three, lower."
• The team lowers the victim in unison, keeping them level.